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Phosphorylation of small GTPases has been
2020-08-18

Phosphorylation of small GTPases has been also observed to affect binding affinity for the GDP/GTP cycle regulators notably GDP dissociation inhibitor (GDI) [10]. Indeed the EGF or cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of Cdc42 is associated with enhanced Cdc42–GDI interaction [8], [11]. RhoA inhibition by
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Gastrointestinal tone can be effectively modulated by
2020-08-18

Gastrointestinal tone can be effectively modulated by cholinesterase inhibitors. As parasympathetic fibers release Pentamidine dihydrochloride to contract the circular and longitudinal intestinal muscles, AChE inhibition can facilitate those actions. Postoperative ileus (delayed gastric emptying af
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Misoprostol br Results Table shows demographics and clinical
2020-08-18

Results Table 1 shows demographics and clinical features of subjects with obesity and controls. Before surgery five obese were diabetic, only one on glucose-lowering therapy; three obese were dyslipidemic and assumed lipid lowering medications. Lathosterol levels were significantly higher in pati
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br Conclusions and future perspectives It
2020-08-18

Conclusions and future perspectives It is now evident that selective ETA or nonselective endothelin receptor antagonism provides therapeutic potentials against a variety of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, PAH, and diabetic microvascular dysfunction (Fig. 1). However, PAH is currentl
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Apocynin br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion A
2020-08-18

Materials and methods Results Discussion A reporter of FGF signaling activity has long been sought to facilitate the quantitative real-time analysis of pathway activity at single-cell resolution. Here we report the generation of a Spry4 reporter allele in ESCs and mice that recapitulates kn
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Although several genomic technologies including the generati
2020-08-18

Although several genomic technologies, including the generation of ERRγ-specific knockout mice, have revealed that ERRγ plays a pivotal role in cellular bioenergetics [1], its involvement in other metabolic pathways has been appreciated only recently. Therefore, we highlight recent findings on the r
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EP is the major receptor to
2020-08-18

EP4 is the major receptor to mediate PGE2-induced inflammatory pain. EP4 is upregulated by Fmoc-Glu(OtBu)-OPfp in DRG neurons [16]. Intrathecal injection of the EP4 agonist produced pain responses [25]. Either systemic or local injection of EP4 antagonists relieves inflammatory pain [3], [16], [26].
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br Introduction As a serine proteinase and a
2020-08-18

Introduction As a serine proteinase and a sub-family of the chymotrypsin-like proteinase, Glutamyl endopeptidase (GE), which is mainly found in Bacillus species, specifically cleaves negatively charged amino MYK-461 residues (Glu/Asp) (Yokoi et al., 2001). Madsen et al. (Madsen & Qvist, 1997) re
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All DGKs have at least two
2020-08-17

All DGKs have at least two cysteine-rich regions homologous to the C1A and C1B motifs of PKCs [26]. In theory, these domains may bind DAG, perhaps localizing DGKs to where DAG accumulates. However, no DGK C1 domain has so far been conclusively shown to bind DAG. In fact, structural predictions sugg
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Adaptaquin HvPap a member of the
2020-08-17

HvPap-1, a member of the cathepsin F-like family, was identified in germinating barley seeds (Sreenivasulu et al., 2008). This enzyme participates in the mobilization of stored proteins (mainly hordeins) during the last phase of grain germination, and its activity is modulated by a propeptide or/and
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HvPap a member of the
2020-08-17

HvPap-1, a member of the cathepsin F-like family, was identified in germinating barley seeds (Sreenivasulu et al., 2008). This enzyme participates in the mobilization of stored proteins (mainly hordeins) during the last phase of grain germination, and its activity is modulated by a propeptide or/and
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The cysteinyl leukotrienes cysLTs LTC LTD and LTE are
2020-08-17

The cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs) LTC, LTD, and LTE are increased in the airways of asthmatic subjects, with the ability to induce bronchoconstriction, vascular permeability, and mucus secretion., , , , CysLTs are well established as mediators of allergic rhinitis and asthma on the basis of the e
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Another well established visceral action of CRF and
2020-08-17

Another well-established visceral action of CRF and urocortin administered peripherally is the long-lasting lowering of blood pressure observed in various species ranging from rodents to humans [22]. Existing evidence suggests that the hypotensive action of CRF and urocortin is mediated by the inter
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Animal studies investigating the role of
2020-08-17

Animal studies investigating the role of D1 dopamine receptors in the PFC have focused on delayed response tasks, which require online maintenance of a previously presented stimulus. Striatal dopamine is thought to be important for flexibility and updating goal representations when new information i
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br Conflict of interest br Acknowledgements
2020-08-17

Conflict of interest Acknowledgements This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.31571839), the Chinese Ministry Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET-12-0865), and Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest (N
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