• AMPHs facilitate dopamine release which

  2021-07-05

  

  AMPHs facilitate dopamine release, which further triggers dopamine depletion [72]. Indeed, we observed that repeated treatment of MPA significantly inhibited TH-, DAT-, and VMAT-2 levels. Since DAT and VMAT-2 are important for dopaminergic terminal markers [10], their decreases suggest that MPA-indu

• DDR distribution in healthy fibrotic and inflamed tissues Wh

  2021-07-05

  

  DDR1 distribution in healthy, fibrotic and inflamed tissues Whereas we can easily mine publicly available databases to infer DDR1 expression profile in different tissues (as reported in Fig. 1), fine comprehension of DDR1 biology has been hampered by the absence of a commercially available specific

• br Introduction br Conclusion br Acknowledgments

  2021-07-05

  

  Introduction Conclusion Acknowledgments and Funding Introduction Reversible protein phosphorylation is an important post-translational modification of proteins regulating many processes in the cell. Approximately one third of the cellular proteome is phosphorylated, and several sites are

• br Conclusion In conclusion our

  2021-07-05

  

  Conclusion In conclusion, our findings do not suggest that HT is an important determinant of future AD risk and are in line with a recent Cochrane review stating that HT is not indicated for preventing dementia or cognitive decline in postmenopausal women [13]. Contributors Conflict of inte

• Here we discuss implications of

  2021-07-05

  

  Here, we discuss implications of several major families of RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligases (MDM, Cullin, GRAIL, TRAF, TRIM) as targets in inflammation and immunity, and provide insights into potential small molecule interventions to mediate the cellular responses (summarized in Table 1). We briefly c

• Recent studies have also uncovered additional roles

  2021-07-05

  

  Recent studies have also uncovered additional roles for E2 enzymes and E2~Ub conjugates in modulating the activity of deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), such as OTUB1 (Juang et al., 2012, Wiener et al., 2013, Wiener et al., 2012). Interestingly, OTUB1 has also been shown to associate and modulate the

• br E E backside interaction

  2021-07-03

  

  E3–E2 backside interaction The E2 possesses an important regulatory interface which is termed its backside as it is opposite to the catalytic cleft that bears the active-site cysteine forming the thioester with SUMOD. This backside site interacts noncovalently with a scaffold SUMOB and was origin

• br Introduction Addiction to opioids such

  2021-07-03

  

  Introduction Addiction to opioids such as morphine is a chronic disorder that affects the mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic pathway in the brain. Activation of the pathway ultimately leads to dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) (Di Chiara et al., 1998) and stimulation of dopamine recepto

• br Experimental All starting materials and reagents were

  2021-07-03

  

  Experimental All starting materials and reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Merck and Loba Chemie. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) was performed on silica gel G60 F254 (Merck) plates and eluted with the mobile phase n-hexane: ethyl acetate (70:30%v/v). Melting points were recorded on auto

• Oligomycin Complex The phenotypes of KD Ddr

  2021-07-03

  

  The phenotypes of KD-Ddr2 transgenic mice were less severe than expected from the results of miDdr2-transfected ATDC5 cells, which indicated that DDR2 might play important roles in endochondral ossification but neither critical nor essential roles in determining total body and skeleton size. The gr

• We have performed our MSP analyses as real time

  2021-07-03

  

  We have performed our MSP analyses as real-time PCR using SybrGreen (Fig. 2). The results of the beta-actin PCR vary in each sample group because the amount of DNA for bisulfite treatment was adjusted to a constant volume of serum (500μl) rather than to equal amounts of DNA. Because we expected lowe

• Significantly less is known about

  2021-07-03

  

  Significantly less is known about regulation of phytocystatin gene expression. A genomic clone corresponding to the barley cystatin Icy gene has been characterized (Gaddour et al., 2001) and the function of its promoter region has been analysed by Martínez et al. (2005b). Bioinformatic analysis of t

• A range of therapies exists

  2021-07-03

  

  A range of therapies exists for the treatment of inflammation-driven diseases, which can be summarized as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticoids and steroidal-related drugs (Ward et al., 2008). Despite of these notable successes, there are still major unmet medical needs in the t

• br Material and methods br Results

  2021-07-03

  

  Material and methods Results Discussion Conclusions To conclude, although CPT2 and CPT1 must have co-evolved to establish the carnitine shuttling, these enzymes are the most distantly related carnitine transferases, split early in evolution, during which a switch occurred in their locati

• CK enzymes belong to a conserved

  2021-07-03

  

  CK1 enzymes belong to a conserved family of serine/threonine protein kinases that plays an important and diverse role in vesicular trafficking, DNA repair, salubrinal progression and cytokinesis in organisms from yeast to humans [15]. In multicellular organisms CK1 enzymes also regulate development

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