• Interestingly transgenic mice that constitutively express ac

  2022-07-04

  

  Interestingly, transgenic mice that constitutively express active FXR in the intestine (iVP16FXR) are protected from chemically-induced and genetically-induced cholestasis. This protective effect is attributed to the induction of intestinal FGF15 and repression of hepatic Cyp7a1 expression, downregu

• The F P concentration reported for a resting rabbit

  2022-07-02

  

  The F6-P concentration reported for a resting rabbit muscle [20] reduced the KAapp for aldolase–FBPase complex more than 50 times compared to KAapp for aldolase–FBPase in the absence of effectors (Fig. 1b and Table 1). A standard assay for determination of FBPase activity in a complex with aldolase

• Here we show in contrast

  2022-07-02

  

  Here we show, in contrast to previous work, that several phenotypes associated with Orb6 inactivation, including increased cell width, are independent of Gef1. We further find that Orb6 positively regulates exocytosis, also independently of Gef1. To identify novel targets of Orb6, we performed quant

• We sought to deduce the role

  2022-07-02

  

  We sought to deduce the role of membrane lipid determinants on endo- and exocytosis by applying a combination of metabolic (lipid) engineering approaches and biophysical methods, e.g. classical optical imaging technologies and high-resolution time-resolved patch-clamp/capacitance measurements. The l

• Several studies have reported that the genotype

  2022-07-01

  

  Several studies have reported that the genotype and allele frequencies of S267F vary considerably between different study groups and geographical regions (Ezzikouri et al., 2017, Hu et al., 2016, Lee et al., 2017, Li et al., 2014, Pan et al., 2011, Peng et al., 2015, Yang et al., 2016, Zhang et al.,

• GSTP is a class Glutathione S

  2022-07-01

  

  GSTP1 is a π-class Glutathione S-transferase (GST-π) enzyme involved in tumor suppression by protecting KT 5823 against genomic damage mediated by various oxidants. Although the loss of GSTP1 function by hypermethylation has been reported as a common epigenetic alteration in prostate carcinogenesis

• Accessibility and physico chemical features of cysteine resi

  2022-07-01

  

  Accessibility and physico-chemical features of cysteine residues define their redox-reactivity and the 3-dimensional structure of GSNOR allows to identifying such surface-exposed, redox-sensitive cysteine residues. GSNOR crystal structures are available from human (Protein Data Bank code: 1MP0), tom

• br GSK The GSK family is highly conserved throughout

  2022-07-01

  

  GSK-3 The GSK-3 family is highly conserved throughout evolution and is encoded by two genes, GSK-3α and GSK-3β, which are located in chromosomes 19q13.2 and 3q13.3 in human, respectively. Both GSK-3α and GSK-3β proteins exist in a variety of tissues with the highest levels found in alpha adrenerg

• br Acknowledgments We thank Dr Kathleen Sullivan of Merck

  2022-07-01

  

  Acknowledgments We thank Dr Kathleen Sullivan of Merck Research Laboratories for providing the CHO-K1 U 46619 expressing an NFAT-β-lactamase reporter and the Gα subunit Gqi5, Dr. Chen Liaw (Arena Pharmaceutical), Ms. Rebecca Kaplan, Mr. Frank Xiaodong Gan for technical assistance, Dr. Andrew How

• Glial cells have emerged as important

  2022-07-01

  

  Glial cells have emerged as important protagonists of the central nervous system (CNS) physiology (Chen and Swanson, 2003; Kettenmann and Verkhratsky, 2008; Parpura and Verkhratsky, 2012). As widely described in the literature, astrocytes regulate glutamatergic synapses by clearance of glutamate in

• PFI 3 br Materials and methods br Results Analysis of the po

  2022-07-01

  

  Materials and methods Results Analysis of the post-mortem human prefrontal cortex by western blotting indicated that GLAST expression was increased 1.6-fold in the extracts of alcoholic brains relative to controls (Fig. 1A and B). To resolve the distinct sub-pools of GLAST within our samples w

• Peripheral injury or disease induced alterations in synaptic

  2022-07-01

  

  Peripheral injury- or disease-induced alterations in synaptic efficacy occur not only at the first synapse made by the primary nociceptive afferents in the spinal dorsal horn but are also operational in several regions processing the sensorimotor as well as emotional-affective components of pain, su

• Liver is the house for a

  2022-06-30

  

  Liver is the house for a variety of xenobiotic-metabolizing histone deacetylase inhibitors that produce reactive oxygen species as well as reactive metabolites (Johansson et al., 2009; Noh et al., 2017; Puntarulo and Cederbaum, 1998). When the enzymes act upon pre- or pro-haptens, the chemicals wou

• The fibroblast growth factor receptor FGFRs including

  2022-06-30

  

  The fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFRs), including four highly conserved proteins (FGFR1-4), are important membrane sensors for extracellular signals [4]. By binding to their ligands, FGFRs are activated and can trigger various downstream intracellular signaling cascades, which is required for

• We compared the mixotrophic growth of mutant DRHB and the

  2022-06-30

  

  We compared the mixotrophic growth of mutant DRHB1486 and the wild-type at different light intensities. The mutant grew at a similar rate as the wild-type at a low light intensity but much more slowly at a high light intensity (Fig. 3). Because the slr2094 mutant was unable to grow under photoautotr

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